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      <title>在分布式系统中如何避免或解决单点故障问题？ - 学习卡片</title>
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        <h1>在分布式系统中如何避免或解决单点故障问题？ - 学习卡片</h1>
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      <div class="grid-container">
        
    <div class="card-container" onclick="this.classList.toggle('flipped');">
      <div class="card">
        <div class="card-face card-front">
          <div class="card-category">理论</div>
          <div class="card-question">在分布式系统中，什么是“单点故障”（Single Point of Failure, SPOF）？</div>
          <div class="card-footer">点击卡片查看答案</div>
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        <div class="card-face card-back">
          <div class="card-category">理论</div>
          <div class="card-answer-wrapper">
            <div class="card-answer">单点故障指的是系统中的某个组件或节点出现故障，导致整个系统的不可用或功能丧失。</div>
          </div>
          <div class="card-source">来源: 文档引言部分</div>
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    <div class="card-container" onclick="this.classList.toggle('flipped');">
      <div class="card">
        <div class="card-face card-front">
          <div class="card-category">策略</div>
          <div class="card-question">为了实现冗余设计以避免单点故障，文档中提到了哪两种具体策略？</div>
          <div class="card-footer">点击卡片查看答案</div>
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        <div class="card-face card-back">
          <div class="card-category">策略</div>
          <div class="card-answer-wrapper">
            <div class="card-answer">文档中提到的两种策略是：1. 硬件冗余，即使用多个服务器、存储或网络设备；2. 服务冗余，即部署多个服务实例并通过负载均衡器分发流量。</div>
          </div>
          <div class="card-source">来源: 1. 冗余设计</div>
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    <div class="card-container" onclick="this.classList.toggle('flipped');">
      <div class="card">
        <div class="card-face card-front">
          <div class="card-category">机制</div>
          <div class="card-question">负载均衡虽然能提高可用性，但其自身存在什么潜在的单点故障风险？</div>
          <div class="card-footer">点击卡片查看答案</div>
        </div>
        <div class="card-face card-back">
          <div class="card-category">机制</div>
          <div class="card-answer-wrapper">
            <div class="card-answer">负载均衡器本身可能成为一个新的单点故障。</div>
          </div>
          <div class="card-source">来源: 2. 负载均衡</div>
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    <div class="card-container" onclick="this.classList.toggle('flipped');">
      <div class="card">
        <div class="card-face card-front">
          <div class="card-category">技术</div>
          <div class="card-question">分布式存储系统通过哪两种核心策略来确保数据的高可用性和容错能力？</div>
          <div class="card-footer">点击卡片查看答案</div>
        </div>
        <div class="card-face card-back">
          <div class="card-category">技术</div>
          <div class="card-answer-wrapper">
            <div class="card-answer">分布式存储系统主要通过两种策略：一是数据复制，即在多个节点上存储数据副本；二是数据分片，即将数据拆分并存储在不同节点上。</div>
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          <div class="card-source">来源: 3. 分布式存储</div>
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    <div class="card-container" onclick="this.classList.toggle('flipped');">
      <div class="card">
        <div class="card-face card-front">
          <div class="card-category">机制</div>
          <div class="card-question">集群管理工具主要使用哪两种自动化策略来处理节点故障和恢复？</div>
          <div class="card-footer">点击卡片查看答案</div>
        </div>
        <div class="card-face card-back">
          <div class="card-category">机制</div>
          <div class="card-answer-wrapper">
            <div class="card-answer">集群管理工具主要使用两种策略：1. 故障转移（Failover），在主节点故障时自动将流量切换到备用节点；2. 健康检查，定期检查节点状态以自动检测和处理故障节点。</div>
          </div>
          <div class="card-source">来源: 4. 集群管理</div>
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    <div class="card-container" onclick="this.classList.toggle('flipped');">
      <div class="card">
        <div class="card-face card-front">
          <div class="card-category">模式</div>
          <div class="card-question">采用微服务等去中心化设计会带来哪些主要的缺点或挑战？</div>
          <div class="card-footer">点击卡片查看答案</div>
        </div>
        <div class="card-face card-back">
          <div class="card-category">模式</div>
          <div class="card-answer-wrapper">
            <div class="card-answer">主要的缺点是系统设计和管理的复杂度会增加，并且需要处理各个服务之间的通信和协调问题。</div>
          </div>
          <div class="card-source">来源: 5. 去中心化设计</div>
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    <div class="card-container" onclick="this.classList.toggle('flipped');">
      <div class="card">
        <div class="card-face card-front">
          <div class="card-category">策略</div>
          <div class="card-question">一个完整的备份和恢复方案应包含哪两个关键策略以应对系统故障？</div>
          <div class="card-footer">点击卡片查看答案</div>
        </div>
        <div class="card-face card-back">
          <div class="card-category">策略</div>
          <div class="card-answer-wrapper">
            <div class="card-answer">一个完整的方案应包含两个关键策略：1. 数据备份，定期将数据备份到安全位置；2. 系统恢复，制定和测试灾难恢复计划以确保能快速恢复。</div>
          </div>
          <div class="card-source">来源: 6. 备份和恢复</div>
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    <div class="card-container" onclick="this.classList.toggle('flipped');">
      <div class="card">
        <div class="card-face card-front">
          <div class="card-category">技术</div>
          <div class="card-question">在设计容错机制时，针对网络通信或远程调用中的暂时性故障，推荐使用什么具体机制来处理？</div>
          <div class="card-footer">点击卡片查看答案</div>
        </div>
        <div class="card-face card-back">
          <div class="card-category">技术</div>
          <div class="card-answer-wrapper">
            <div class="card-answer">推荐在网络通信或远程调用中使用“超时和重试机制”来处理暂时的故障。</div>
          </div>
          <div class="card-source">来源: 7. 设计容错机制</div>
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      </div>
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    <div class="card-container" onclick="this.classList.toggle('flipped');">
      <div class="card">
        <div class="card-face card-front">
          <div class="card-category">模式</div>
          <div class="card-question">微服务架构是如何体现“去中心化设计”思想的？</div>
          <div class="card-footer">点击卡片查看答案</div>
        </div>
        <div class="card-face card-back">
          <div class="card-category">模式</div>
          <div class="card-answer-wrapper">
            <div class="card-answer">微服务架构通过将应用拆分为多个独立部署和管理的微服务，将系统的核心功能分布到多个服务上，从而避免了单一节点或服务成为系统瓶颈或故障点，体现了去中心化设计。</div>
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          <div class="card-source">来源: 5. 去中心化设计</div>
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